Scientific output, in perspective · default year 2023. Exact values are in the table.

Static view · 2023 · snapshot 2026-11-09-24e8d6ada556. Scroll the static chart horizontally on narrow screens, or use the data table.

View the data table
World Bank / NSF · default view through 2023. observation year; fractional publications per million people. Snapshot 2026-11-09-24e8d6ada556.
EconomyYearYearScientific output
Brazil19961,99646.56
Brazil19971,99755.82
Brazil19981,99862.06
Brazil19991,99966.56
Brazil20002,00073.56
Brazil20012,00178.93
Brazil20022,00288.6
Brazil20032,00395.8
Brazil20042,004106.09
Brazil20052,005117.77
Brazil20062,006143.41
Brazil20072,007152.36
Brazil20082,008171.91
Brazil20092,009184.23
Brazil20102,010197.06
Brazil20112,011206.45
Brazil20122,012224.99
Brazil20132,013231.72
Brazil20142,014240.84
Brazil20152,015244.66
Brazil20162,016254.63
Brazil20172,017268.92
Brazil20182,018285.65
Brazil20192,019301.66
Brazil20202,020320.62
Brazil20212,021332.1
Brazil20222,022297.95
Brazil20232,023276.08
China19961,99627.61
China19971,99730.42
China19981,99835.25
China19991,99936.07
China20002,00042.2
China20012,00155.57
China20022,00258.53
China20032,00367.98
China20042,00493.29
China20052,005126.76
China20062,006146.47
China20072,007161.59
China20082,008186.44
China20092,009213.69
China20102,010230.13
China20112,011238.63
China20122,012241.03
China20132,013257.86
China20142,014276.61
China20152,015290.71
China20162,016310.1
China20172,017332.44
China20182,018366.12
China20192,019432.34
China20202,020476.03
China20212,021535.42
China20222,022627.37
China20232,023661.16
Germany19961,996784.11
Germany19971,997832.27
Germany19981,998846.44
Germany19991,999822.58
Germany20002,000848.28
Germany20012,001868.62
Germany20022,002864.65
Germany20032,003880.93
Germany20042,004913.27
Germany20052,0051,014.74
Germany20062,0061,038.61
Germany20072,0071,074.9
Germany20082,0081,110.04
Germany20092,0091,149.94
Germany20102,0101,175.5
Germany20112,0111,236.16
Germany20122,0121,290.15
Germany20132,0131,294.51
Germany20142,0141,303.14
Germany20152,0151,307.15
Germany20162,0161,322.87
Germany20172,0171,328.08
Germany20182,0181,316.07
Germany20192,0191,328.41
Germany20202,0201,313.09
Germany20212,0211,407.85
Germany20222,0221,350.13
Germany20232,0231,306.11
India19961,99619.3
India19971,99719.37
India19981,99819.36
India19991,99920.07
India20002,00020.24
India20012,00120.9
India20022,00221.59
India20032,00323.39
India20042,00424.68
India20052,00527.83
India20062,00631.57
India20072,00734.69
India20082,00838.5
India20092,00942.31
India20102,01046.88
India20112,01154.75
India20122,01259.09
India20132,01361.89
India20142,01467.3
India20152,01571.38
India20162,01677.93
India20172,01784.61
India20182,01889.52
India20192,01992.57
India20202,020103.89
India20212,021122.4
India20222,022140.65
India20232,023158.67
Kenya19961,99614.35
Kenya19971,99714.56
Kenya19981,99812.48
Kenya19991,99912.18
Kenya20002,00011.75
Kenya20012,00112.81
Kenya20022,00213.44
Kenya20032,00312.5
Kenya20042,00412.86
Kenya20052,00512.8
Kenya20062,00612.8
Kenya20072,00713.97
Kenya20082,00814.37
Kenya20092,00916.9
Kenya20102,01017.62
Kenya20112,01118.86
Kenya20122,01217.47
Kenya20132,01318.51
Kenya20142,01419.99
Kenya20152,01520.74
Kenya20162,01622.32
Kenya20172,01723.74
Kenya20182,01825.94
Kenya20192,01928.27
Kenya20202,02034.24
Kenya20212,02137.43
Kenya20222,02237.81
Kenya20232,02337.57
United States19961,9961,163.32
United States19971,9971,141.06
United States19981,9981,096.96
United States19991,9991,064.15
United States20002,0001,086.16
United States20012,0011,076.38
United States20022,0021,118.2
United States20032,0031,146.25
United States20042,0041,216.46
United States20052,0051,302.84
United States20062,0061,299.71
United States20072,0071,295.47
United States20082,0081,290.95
United States20092,0091,296.7
United States20102,0101,316.85
United States20112,0111,348.17
United States20122,0121,352.6
United States20132,0131,349.34
United States20142,0141,340.67
United States20152,0151,333.87
United States20162,0161,331.29
United States20172,0171,333.02
United States20182,0181,342.65
United States20192,0191,340.47
United States20202,0201,368.88
United States20212,0211,419.39
United States20222,0221,339.95
United States20232,0231,279.4