Static view · 2023 · snapshot 2026-11-09-24e8d6ada556. Scroll the static chart horizontally on narrow screens, or use the data table.
Static view · 2023 · snapshot 2026-11-09-24e8d6ada556. Scroll the static chart horizontally on narrow screens, or use the data table.
| Economy | Year | Scientific output | Economic complexity |
|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | 2023 | 4.07 | -1.28 |
| Albania | 2023 | 132.46 | -0.16 |
| Algeria | 2023 | 166.29 | -1.05 |
| American Samoa | 2023 | Unavailable | 0.68 |
| Andorra | 2023 | 137.16 | 1.09 |
| Angola | 2023 | 1.37 | -1.15 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 2023 | 143.92 | 0.18 |
| Argentina | 2023 | 188.62 | 0.01 |
| Armenia | 2023 | 270.38 | 0.74 |
| Aruba | 2023 | Unavailable | 0.62 |
| Australia | 2023 | 2,047.61 | 0.09 |
| Austria | 2023 | 1,516.22 | 1.37 |
| Azerbaijan | 2023 | 152.08 | -0.52 |
| Bahamas, The | 2023 | 37.5 | -0.01 |
| Bahrain | 2023 | 455.47 | 0.71 |
| Bangladesh | 2023 | 48.17 | -0.62 |
| Barbados | 2023 | 201.14 | 0.37 |
| Belarus | 2023 | 155.74 | 0.84 |
| Belgium | 2023 | 1,427.54 | 1.06 |
| Belize | 2023 | 43.83 | -0.15 |
| Benin | 2023 | 30.98 | -1.01 |
| Bermuda | 2023 | Unavailable | 0.79 |
| Bhutan | 2023 | 130.37 | -0.65 |
| Bolivia | 2023 | 16.07 | -1.3 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 2023 | 339.91 | 0.58 |
| Botswana | 2023 | 154.76 | -0.51 |
| Brazil | 2023 | 276.08 | 0.38 |
| British Virgin Islands | 2023 | Unavailable | 0.53 |
| Brunei Darussalam | 2023 | 1,092.71 | 0.21 |
| Bulgaria | 2023 | 775.35 | 0.81 |
| Burkina Faso | 2023 | 22.57 | -1.13 |
| Burundi | 2023 | 2.65 | -0.7 |
| Cabo Verde | 2023 | 35.11 | 0.24 |
| Cambodia | 2023 | 11.52 | -0.07 |
| Cameroon | 2023 | 54.52 | -1.14 |
| Canada | 2023 | 1,591.04 | 0.83 |
| Cayman Islands | 2023 | Unavailable | 0.07 |
| Central African Republic | 2023 | 5 | -0.31 |
| Chad | 2023 | 2.71 | -2.42 |
| Chile | 2023 | 436.11 | -0.13 |
| China | 2023 | 661.16 | 1.35 |
| Colombia | 2023 | 175.53 | 0.16 |
| Comoros | 2023 | 9.42 | -0.31 |
| Congo, Dem. Rep. | 2023 | 2.3 | -2.45 |
| Congo, Rep. | 2023 | 15.47 | -1.6 |
| Costa Rica | 2023 | 129.43 | 0.23 |
| Cote d'Ivoire | 2023 | 12.57 | -1.07 |
| Croatia | 2023 | 1,425.9 | 0.85 |
| Cuba | 2023 | 110.4 | -1.34 |
| Curacao | 2023 | Unavailable | 0.99 |
| Cyprus | 2023 | 1,311.64 | 0.43 |
| Czechia | 2023 | 1,234.29 | 1.43 |
| Denmark | 2023 | 2,623.71 | 1.04 |
| Djibouti | 2023 | 15.16 | 0.33 |
| Dominica | 2023 | 55.63 | 0.33 |
| Dominican Republic | 2023 | 9.22 | -0.08 |
| Ecuador | 2023 | 196.32 | -1.03 |
| Egypt, Arab Rep. | 2023 | 199.54 | -0.08 |
| El Salvador | 2023 | 10.23 | 0.09 |
| Equatorial Guinea | 2023 | 1.86 | -2.29 |
| Eritrea | 2023 | 8.38 | -1.03 |
| Estonia | 2023 | 1,279.72 | 0.98 |
| Eswatini | 2023 | 25.14 | 0.14 |
| Ethiopia | 2023 | 52.28 | -1.06 |
| Faroe Islands | 2023 | Unavailable | -0.15 |
| Fiji | 2023 | 235.75 | -0.22 |
| Finland | 2023 | 2,010.1 | 1.3 |
| France | 2023 | 909.44 | 1.18 |
| French Polynesia | 2023 | Unavailable | 0.46 |
| Gabon | 2023 | 36.45 | -0.79 |
| Gambia, The | 2023 | 29.58 | -1.46 |
| Georgia | 2023 | 174.83 | 0.23 |
| Germany | 2023 | 1,306.11 | 1.5 |
| Ghana | 2023 | 96.78 | -0.81 |
| Gibraltar | 2023 | Unavailable | 0.64 |
| Greece | 2023 | 1,302.12 | 0.44 |
| Greenland | 2023 | 675.64 | -0.7 |
| Grenada | 2023 | 362.91 | 0.19 |
| Guam | 2023 | Unavailable | 0.23 |
| Guatemala | 2023 | 6 | -0.07 |
| Guinea | 2023 | 3.81 | -1.59 |
| Guinea-Bissau | 2023 | 6.36 | -2.24 |
| Guyana | 2023 | 60.03 | -0.64 |
| Haiti | 2023 | 3.25 | -1.14 |
| Honduras | 2023 | 12.25 | -0.47 |
| Hong Kong SAR, China | 2023 | Unavailable | 1.3 |
| Hungary | 2023 | 861.17 | 1.22 |
| Iceland | 2023 | 1,856.47 | 0.45 |
| India | 2023 | 158.67 | 0.71 |
| Indonesia | 2023 | 138.67 | 0.28 |
| Iran, Islamic Rep. | 2023 | 607.95 | -0.13 |
| Iraq | 2023 | 371.04 | -1.44 |
| Ireland | 2023 | 1,641.64 | 1.23 |
| Israel | 2023 | 1,405.65 | 1.18 |
| Italy | 2023 | 1,403.27 | 1.21 |
| Jamaica | 2023 | 56.84 | -0.45 |
| Japan | 2023 | 775.35 | 1.91 |
| Jordan | 2023 | 473.74 | 0.04 |
| Kazakhstan | 2023 | 187.83 | 0.43 |
| Kenya | 2023 | 37.57 | -0.4 |
| Kiribati | 2023 | 16.15 | -0.05 |
| Korea, Dem. People's Rep. | 2023 | 10.19 | 1.23 |
| Korea, Rep. | 2023 | 1,386.98 | 1.72 |
| Kosovo | 2023 | 294.38 | Unavailable |
| Kuwait | 2023 | 287.43 | 0.06 |
| Kyrgyz Republic | 2023 | 46.05 | 0.1 |
| Lao PDR | 2023 | 9.42 | -0.87 |
| Latvia | 2023 | 921.62 | 0.76 |
| Lebanon | 2023 | 360.15 | 0.39 |
| Lesotho | 2023 | 26.04 | -0.64 |
| Liberia | 2023 | 5.74 | -1.46 |
| Libya | 2023 | 60.65 | -1.99 |
| Liechtenstein | 2023 | 1,285.2 | Unavailable |
| Lithuania | 2023 | 930.88 | 0.89 |
| Luxembourg | 2023 | 1,764.25 | 1.11 |
| Macao SAR, China | 2023 | Unavailable | 0.81 |
| Madagascar | 2023 | 4.92 | -1.2 |
| Malawi | 2023 | 17.89 | -1.24 |
| Malaysia | 2023 | 674.45 | 0.95 |
| Maldives | 2023 | 60.34 | -0.59 |
| Mali | 2023 | 4.91 | -0.88 |
| Malta | 2023 | 900.54 | 1.06 |
| Marshall Islands | 2023 | 23.69 | -0.42 |
| Mauritania | 2023 | 9.33 | -1.29 |
| Mauritius | 2023 | 164.43 | 0.16 |
| Mexico | 2023 | 146.31 | 0.96 |
| Micronesia, Fed. Sts. | 2023 | 33.21 | -0.72 |
| Moldova | 2023 | 136.33 | 0.19 |
| Monaco | 2023 | 955.69 | Unavailable |
| Mongolia | 2023 | 79.53 | -1.18 |
| Montenegro | 2023 | 408.43 | 0.47 |
| Morocco | 2023 | 257.87 | -0.2 |
| Mozambique | 2023 | 6.09 | -1.65 |
| Myanmar | 2023 | 4.32 | -1.04 |
| Namibia | 2023 | 78.07 | -0.75 |
| Naoero | 2023 | 10.95 | 0.99 |
| Nepal | 2023 | 53.57 | -0.1 |
| Netherlands | 2023 | 1,801.58 | 1 |
| New Caledonia | 2023 | Unavailable | -0.69 |
| New Zealand | 2023 | 1,556.97 | 0.47 |
| Nicaragua | 2023 | 5.96 | -1.11 |
| Niger | 2023 | 3.45 | -1 |
| Nigeria | 2023 | 43 | -2.33 |
| North Macedonia | 2023 | 272.99 | 0.3 |
| Northern Mariana Islands | 2023 | Unavailable | 0.68 |
| Norway | 2023 | 2,492.24 | 0.73 |
| Oman | 2023 | 324.86 | -0.27 |
| Pakistan | 2023 | 82.9 | -0.39 |
| Palau | 2023 | 284.31 | -0.06 |
| Panama | 2023 | 63.25 | 0.15 |
| Papua New Guinea | 2023 | 6.71 | -1.63 |
| Paraguay | 2023 | 37.02 | -0.53 |
| Peru | 2023 | 154.87 | -0.71 |
| Philippines | 2023 | 41.36 | 0.71 |
| Poland | 2023 | 850.93 | 1.03 |
| Portugal | 2023 | 1,722.91 | 0.69 |
| Puerto Rico (US) | 2023 | 188.72 | Unavailable |
| Qatar | 2023 | 930.44 | -0.13 |
| Romania | 2023 | 562.03 | 1.02 |
| Russian Federation | 2023 | 594.87 | 0.24 |
| Rwanda | 2023 | 31.07 | -1.02 |
| Samoa | 2023 | 100.85 | 0.12 |
| San Marino | 2023 | 593.33 | 1.21 |
| Sao Tome and Principe | 2023 | 20.4 | 0.1 |
| Saudi Arabia | 2023 | 729.76 | 0.48 |
| Senegal | 2023 | 27.08 | -0.78 |
| Serbia | 2023 | 781.06 | 0.78 |
| Seychelles | 2023 | 126.66 | 0.26 |
| Sierra Leone | 2023 | 10.2 | -0.33 |
| Singapore | 2023 | 2,009.85 | 1.68 |
| Sint Maarten (Dutch part) | 2023 | Unavailable | 0.95 |
| Slovak Republic | 2023 | 982.58 | 1.2 |
| Slovenia | 2023 | 1,682.45 | 1.36 |
| Solomon Islands | 2023 | 18.55 | -1.91 |
| Somalia, Fed. Rep. | 2023 | 8.27 | -2.16 |
| South Africa | 2023 | 236.49 | 0.29 |
| South Sudan | 2023 | 1.5 | -2.3 |
| Spain | 2023 | 1,247.17 | 0.81 |
| Sri Lanka | 2023 | 105.36 | -0.2 |
| St. Kitts and Nevis | 2023 | 759.23 | 0.52 |
| St. Lucia | 2023 | 14.17 | -0.02 |
| St. Vincent and the Grenadines | 2023 | 26.55 | -0.45 |
| Sudan | 2023 | 9.4 | -2.58 |
| Suriname | 2023 | 41.88 | -0.39 |
| Sweden | 2023 | 2,016.17 | 1.38 |
| Switzerland | 2023 | 2,565.45 | 1.78 |
| Syrian Arab Republic | 2023 | 27.37 | -0.65 |
| Tajikistan | 2023 | 15.24 | -1.01 |
| Tanzania | 2023 | 21.8 | -1.11 |
| Thailand | 2023 | 232.3 | 0.85 |
| Timor-Leste | 2023 | 14.95 | -0.67 |
| Togo | 2023 | 16.53 | -1.23 |
| Tonga | 2023 | 46.37 | 0.02 |
| Trinidad and Tobago | 2023 | 179.57 | 0.07 |
| Tunisia | 2023 | 450.22 | 0.49 |
| Turkiye | 2023 | 588.1 | 0.68 |
| Turkmenistan | 2023 | 4.25 | -1.34 |
| Turks and Caicos Islands | 2023 | Unavailable | 0.62 |
| Tuvalu | 2023 | 42.79 | 0.79 |
| Uganda | 2023 | 29.26 | -0.74 |
| Ukraine | 2023 | 410.74 | 0.45 |
| United Arab Emirates | 2023 | 674.87 | 0.7 |
| United Kingdom | 2023 | 1,423.34 | 1.38 |
| United States | 2023 | 1,279.4 | 1.23 |
| Uruguay | 2023 | 312.81 | 0.03 |
| Uzbekistan | 2023 | 129.71 | 0.21 |
| Vanuatu | 2023 | 37.05 | -1.66 |
| Venezuela, RB | 2023 | 16.77 | -1.33 |
| Viet Nam | 2023 | 106.07 | 0.58 |
| West Bank and Gaza | 2023 | 166.8 | 0.23 |
| Yemen, Rep. | 2023 | 10.26 | -1.51 |
| Zambia | 2023 | 17.72 | -0.71 |
| Zimbabwe | 2023 | 31.81 | -1.13 |